Day 6 Otto Cycle

We first started with a ThermoElectric Cooler. In order for the cooler to work it needs to water reservoirs of different temperatures.

Picture of ThermoElectic Cooler.

Another picture of Cooler, top view.

Top View of Cooler, it has legs in two different temperatures waters.

A Video of the Cooler working.
Another video of it being powered electricity.

Cooler being powered by Electricity.

You can tell it works if the top is spinning. It is being powered by the different temperatures of water.

Picture of Incredible Mass lifter. Uses trap air to lift things. In order to control the lifting you heat up syringe.

Pictures of the system and trying to find the work done. Data from Logger Pro.

Area enclosed is the work done. 25.98kPA.

The change of volume, pressure, and Temperature of the closed system.

Us trying to find the work done using data from Logger Pro.

We set up a PV-Diagram. trying to find work.

Algebra work trying to find Cp, CP turns out to be 5/2 R.

 Adiabatic process trying to find work.

Gas Expands so postive work. W = 1246J.

 Using the properties if adiabatic and finding the difference in monotamic gas and diatomic gas.

 We then had to work out the Carnot Engine Cycle. We draw the PV-Diagram. and used the formulas and properties for each section.

White board work. It is messy but we got efficiency to be 33%.

Summary:
We started the day with a ThermoEletric Cooler. Showed how different resaviors of water can be used to cause work.
We then tried to find work done by a closed system of the incrediable mass lilfter, from data of logger pro.
Then we did some algebra work to find Cp, Cp is 5/R. It is useful for constant pressure process.
Learned different coefficient for monoatmoic and diatomic gases.
Lastly we did a complete Carnot Engine Cycle problem. The end efficiency of the Carnot is 33%.

Day 5 Heat Engines and Cycles

First we had the Candle experiment. We had to predict what would happen to the flame.

The flame would suffocate by the CO2

We then had to explain the Chimney effect.

Our reasoning.

We said that it would get dimmer.

A video demonstration by Prof. Mason.

Setting up experiment.

The Chimney experiment running.

The light will eventually go out in part by the CO2 and water vapor being unable to escape.

The PV diagrams. Isobaric, Isochoric, Adiabatic, and Isothermal. Distinguishing between isothermal and Adiabatic is difficult.

Graphs for the different types of process.



Active physics problems worked out.

Active physics problmes worked out.



Our steps for a simple factory. Used heat engine.



White board work of the water tank problem.

Water Tank problem, we used mgh and pv-nrt and to the final answer of 2e^7 J.




White board work of an entire Heat engine cycle.

Video of Tommy showing off a Carnot Engine.

Summary:

Fist we did a Candle experiment and explain why it would go out.

Then we talked about the Chimney effect and saw a demonstration of it.

We then worked out problems on Active Physics to find properties of the different process in a Heat Engine.

Then we did a Heat Engine example, and a water tank example. And finished class with a Carnot demonstration.

Quiz 2 ( Given: Q_in = 5000J V_2 = 1/2 V_0) Diesel Cycle

First try at the Diesel Cycle at the SI session. Our time ran out and we had class 1:30pm so we were going to  finish the quiz over the weekend.  For me I got very sick throughout the whole weekend and was unable to work on the quiz again. :(

Used Q = nCpdeltaT and P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

Drawn out Diesel Cycle and labeled which parts were adiabatic, isobaric, and isochoric.

Cell with related data entered.

Would be sheet filled out if actually go to work on it.

 

 

 

Day 4: 2D Molecular Theory and Fire Syringe Lab

First we did a problem on work on copper if expanded by temperature change. We used Q = mcadeltaT and deltaE = Q - W.

White board work. delta E = 11.6kJ and W = 0.0162J

Next we worked on the 2D molecular theory.  We found pressure = 2mv/deltaT

White board work of derivation.

Then we applied P = F/A and used 1/2mv^2.

White board work, used pv = nrt and factored in 1/2mv^2.

Which lead us to v = sqrt(3kT/m)

White board work, final derivation v = sqrt(3kT/m)

Then we did Isotherm compression.

White board work, T goes up P stays same V goes down. Used p1v1 = p2v2 and some algebra to get Volume in T^3/2

Fire syringe lab data and work. Needed to find final Temperature of the syringe when lit.

White board work, measurements of lab and final temperature in K was estimated to be 663K, should be in the range of 451 degrees Fahrenheit or higher.

Summary:
Started with a copper expanansion problem with change in temperature and volume.
Explored the 2D molecular theory. velocity  = sqrt(3kT/m)
Explored Isothermal compression, found a constant C that lead us to V1T1^3/2 = V2T2^3/2

Day 3: Pressure Stuff

Beginning of class we used a manometer to get an understanding pressure. Picture below.

Asled about heated can and what would happen to the can when steam would leave it.

 Asked about what would happen to marshmallow if the ball jar would change pressure on them, would they grow or shrink?

The change of height of water inside the manometer would relate to atmospheric pressure. Picture below.

Pressure is F/A and density = m/V. Picture below.

Next we did some experiments to determine the ideal gas law. Picture below.

We tried different setups with a syringe and pressure sensor connected to logger pro. We did event logging. Picture below.

We graphed P vs V Picture below.

We graphed P vs T Picture below.

We graphed V vs T Picture below.

We "found" the relationship PV = nRT with our experiments. Picture below.

We then did some example problems to help our understanding of PV = nRT. Picture below.

Summary:
Found how Pressure and delta height relate to one another.
Found out the relationships between each graphs for the ideal gas law.
Worked out some problems to solidify manipulating pv = nrt. Important notes is to find out if their are any constants in the problem, and change C and gauge pressure into the right SI units.
Did diving bell problem. P = Patm + density*g*y; y being depth.(Update pictures)

Day 2: Linear Thermal Expansion

At the start of class we were asked about what would a ring of metal do if it is heated.

White board work. We said that the metal ring we grow outward.

Later Prof. Mason asked about would would the "Clinton" do if the brass side was heated or cooled.

White board work. If the brass is heated it will expand, if the brass is cooled it will contract.

White board work. Algebra.

Prof. Mason then did some real life demos. Video below.

Heating the brass side. Swings left like Clinton...

Cooling the brass side. Swings right.

Afterwards there was an experiment set up of a metal rod that would expand in thanks to water steamed on to it. Video below.

The steam will make the metal rod grow and we would know how much by the change in theta.

We did some calculations to find how much the metal expanded.

White board work. We think the metal rod is made of Aluminum.

Afterwards we graphed our prediction of the heating curve 0 C of ice cold water.

Our prediction. The water would heat linear in till 100 C and then level out once it starts boiling.

Apparatus used: Water heater to heat water, logger pro to get data, thermostat to read temperature, and Styrofoam cup to hold water.

Picture of apparatus'.

Picture of experiment.

The graph of the experiment of heating 0 C water. It matched our prediction pretty close.

Afterwards we had to complete a lab that would help us understand latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization. The lab required us to set up initial steps before starting the lab and find out how we would quantify the energies of latent fusion and latent vaporization.

White board work of our steps and data of experiment.

White board of our collected data and possible error.

White board work of latent heat of fusion.

Propagation of error in specific heat.

White board work of our steps and calculations. Experiment was redone for better results.

White board work of our steps and calculations. This time to find latent heat of vaporization.

Graph of experimental data taken by logger pro below.

Graph of temperature vs. heat. There graph is linear and fitted.

 Lastly we work out an example problem.

White board work of example problem.

Summary of the day two.
We learned that each type of metal grows and contracts depending on the metal type. We had couple examples of this, one being the metal ring, metal rod, the "Clinton", Each one behaved differently when heated and cooled.
We learned about latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization. We solidified what Prof. Mason discussed by doing a lab of mixing and recording data of ice cold water being melted and warmed and then heating to the boiling point.
Did some example problems of latent heat. Sometimes there is not enough energy in a system to merit a phase change. This was shown by the example done in class.